- Sonos Port 1400 Router
- Sonos Port 1400 Mhz
- Sonos Port 1400
- Sonos Port 1400 Driver
- Sonos Port 1400 Location
3 months ago 30 June 2020. 2 replies; 104 views. By subscribing here, you agree to receive emails and promotional offers from Sonos. Sonos used to have a way to handle this. Sonos Connect was a box that connected to your network and streamed music. Connect was discontinued a year or so ago. For a while, there was no replacement, but now there is: Sonos Port. Sonos Port has two Ethernet ports. It has RCA input and outputs.
There are many reasons why one might want to have a Sonos speaker on a different subnet than the controller. Peoplehaveaskedabout this before, but the answers are either wrong ('it's not possible'), buried in the thread or lack detail.
Here I'm providing more detail and will explain
Sonos Port 1400 Router
- how Sonos communicates over UPnP, which tells us which ports need to be open on a firewall
- how IP multicast works, which allows us to discover Sonos speakers across subnets
Disclaimer: I have only tested with an already configured Sonos system. I have not tested yet which configuration is necessary to add a new speaker directly on the other subnet.
In the following examples, host 192.168.0.5 is running the Sonos controller software, host 192.168.1.10 is a speaker.
UPnP and SSDP
Sonos uses Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) to announce and find speakers. UPnP defines protocols for devices to communicate with each other without prior configuration. It groups the protocols into a series of steps. The steps interesting to us are:
- Step 1: Discovery
- Step 2: Description
- Step 4: Eventing
Looking at the messages exchanged between controller and speakers related to these steps will let us know which ports need to be configured on our firewall.
Step 1: Discovery
The UPnP specification describes this step as
When a device is added to the network, the UPnP discovery protocol allows that device to advertise its services to control points on the network. Similarly, when a control point is added to the network, the UPnP discovery protocol allows that control point to search for devices of interest on the network.
[..]
This step is performed by the Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP). For our purposes we only need to look at the packages sent by a control device.
The controller periodically sends the same search request to find speakers to two addresses:
255.255.255.250 is the local broadcast address, which is not routable, so that doesn't help us. 239.255.255.250 is more interesting for us: It's the IP multicast address reserved for SSDP, which can be routed. I will explain IP multicast in the next section.
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For now we know that packets to address 239.255.255.250 (or to port 1900) and packets from speakers to controllers to port 1901 must be allowed to pass the Firewall.
SSDP messages use the same format as HTTP 1.1 header fields. When a controller app starts, it sends the following message (.. represents removed potentially sensitive information):
This requests consists mostly of standard UPnP fields. The ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:ZonePlayer:1 indicates that the controller is looking for ZonePlayer (Sonos) devices. Hindi movie double dhamaal watch online hd 720p.
An example of a speaker's response is
which brings us to the next step.
Step 2: Description
The UPnP specification describes this step as
After a control point has discovered a device, the control point still knows very little about the device. For the control point to learn more about the device and its capabilities, or to interact with the device, the control point shall retrieve the device's description from the URL provided by the device in the discovery message.
[..]
This URL is the value of the LOCATION field in the response:
This means controllers must be able to access port 1400 on speakers to learn more about their capabilities.
Step 4: Eventing
The UPnP specification describes this step as:
A UPnP description for a service includes a list of actions the service responds to and a list of variables that model the state of the service at run time. The service publishes updates when these variables change, and a control point may subscribe to receive this information.
[..]
To subscribe to a service, a controller sends a SUBSCRIBE HTTP request to the URL found in the speaker's device description. For example, if the device description contains
the controller will sent a subscribe request that looks like
This tells the speaker that whenever a related event happens, it should send a NOTIFY request to http://192.168.0.5:3400/notify.
Thus, we need to allow speakers to access port 3400 on every controllers.
NOTE: The port number is different for different platforms. The iOS app listens on port 3401, the Android app listens on port 3500.
IP multicast
IP multicast is a way to send a single data stream to multiple destinations (1:n). This is opposed to unicast where the source host sends data to a single destination (1:1). It's also different from broadcast, which is link-local only, i.e. not routable. Many IP multicast addresses are routable in internal networks, including the one used by SSDP (routable within 'Organization-Local Scope').
Sonos Port 1400 Mhz
What's nice about this is that the server doesn't have to know the actual destinations for the data stream. Instead, the clients are telling a multicast-aware router that they are interested in data for a specific address. Clients that should be reachable by a specific address form a multicast group. When the router receives multicast data, it forwards (and duplicates, if necessary) the data to the clients it knows about.
How does a client tell a router which multicast group it is interested in? With
IGMP.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
IGMP is the protocol for managing multicast group 'subscriptions'. It runs on the same level as ICMP.
When the controller starts, it's sends a membership report:
When a multicast aware router on the network receives such a packet on a specific interface, it remembers that there is a client for this group on that interface and will forward all packets addressed to the multicast address to that interface.
IGMP snooping
You may have heard of 'IGMP snooping'. This is a feature on switches to only
send multicast traffic to the ports that have a host of the corresponding group connected.
IGMP snooping generally only works if there is a multicast router running that periodically queries the networks for group membership, and thus the switch learns about which groups are at which ports.
Final router and firewall setup
I'm using mrouted as multicast router, because it is part of OpenBSD's base install. Another one is igmpproxy. My configuration is
which means the daemon is registering IGMP messages on every interface but em0, my WAN interface.
Sonos Port 1400
Just like with normal IP packets, multicast forwarding needs to be explicitly enabled in the kernel:
The exact setting name will likely differ between OSes. A grep forward over all settings should help.
As indicated earlier, this alone is not enough. The router's firewall also need to be configured to allow IGMP, UPnP and Sonos traffic. Sonos actually provides a list of ports that it uses, and all the ports we discovered are mentioned there as well.
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These are my rules for pf, something similar should be doable with iptables:
Sonos Port 1400 Driver
This step is performed by the Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP). For our purposes we only need to look at the packages sent by a control device.
The controller periodically sends the same search request to find speakers to two addresses:
255.255.255.250 is the local broadcast address, which is not routable, so that doesn't help us. 239.255.255.250 is more interesting for us: It's the IP multicast address reserved for SSDP, which can be routed. I will explain IP multicast in the next section.
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For now we know that packets to address 239.255.255.250 (or to port 1900) and packets from speakers to controllers to port 1901 must be allowed to pass the Firewall.
SSDP messages use the same format as HTTP 1.1 header fields. When a controller app starts, it sends the following message (.. represents removed potentially sensitive information):
This requests consists mostly of standard UPnP fields. The ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:ZonePlayer:1 indicates that the controller is looking for ZonePlayer (Sonos) devices. Hindi movie double dhamaal watch online hd 720p.
An example of a speaker's response is
which brings us to the next step.
Step 2: Description
The UPnP specification describes this step as
After a control point has discovered a device, the control point still knows very little about the device. For the control point to learn more about the device and its capabilities, or to interact with the device, the control point shall retrieve the device's description from the URL provided by the device in the discovery message.
[..]
This URL is the value of the LOCATION field in the response:
This means controllers must be able to access port 1400 on speakers to learn more about their capabilities.
Step 4: Eventing
The UPnP specification describes this step as:
A UPnP description for a service includes a list of actions the service responds to and a list of variables that model the state of the service at run time. The service publishes updates when these variables change, and a control point may subscribe to receive this information.
[..]
To subscribe to a service, a controller sends a SUBSCRIBE HTTP request to the URL found in the speaker's device description. For example, if the device description contains
the controller will sent a subscribe request that looks like
This tells the speaker that whenever a related event happens, it should send a NOTIFY request to http://192.168.0.5:3400/notify.
Thus, we need to allow speakers to access port 3400 on every controllers.
NOTE: The port number is different for different platforms. The iOS app listens on port 3401, the Android app listens on port 3500.
IP multicast
IP multicast is a way to send a single data stream to multiple destinations (1:n). This is opposed to unicast where the source host sends data to a single destination (1:1). It's also different from broadcast, which is link-local only, i.e. not routable. Many IP multicast addresses are routable in internal networks, including the one used by SSDP (routable within 'Organization-Local Scope').
Sonos Port 1400 Mhz
What's nice about this is that the server doesn't have to know the actual destinations for the data stream. Instead, the clients are telling a multicast-aware router that they are interested in data for a specific address. Clients that should be reachable by a specific address form a multicast group. When the router receives multicast data, it forwards (and duplicates, if necessary) the data to the clients it knows about.
How does a client tell a router which multicast group it is interested in? With
IGMP.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
IGMP is the protocol for managing multicast group 'subscriptions'. It runs on the same level as ICMP.
When the controller starts, it's sends a membership report:
When a multicast aware router on the network receives such a packet on a specific interface, it remembers that there is a client for this group on that interface and will forward all packets addressed to the multicast address to that interface.
IGMP snooping
You may have heard of 'IGMP snooping'. This is a feature on switches to only
send multicast traffic to the ports that have a host of the corresponding group connected.
IGMP snooping generally only works if there is a multicast router running that periodically queries the networks for group membership, and thus the switch learns about which groups are at which ports.
Final router and firewall setup
I'm using mrouted as multicast router, because it is part of OpenBSD's base install. Another one is igmpproxy. My configuration is
which means the daemon is registering IGMP messages on every interface but em0, my WAN interface.
Sonos Port 1400
Just like with normal IP packets, multicast forwarding needs to be explicitly enabled in the kernel:
The exact setting name will likely differ between OSes. A grep forward over all settings should help.
As indicated earlier, this alone is not enough. The router's firewall also need to be configured to allow IGMP, UPnP and Sonos traffic. Sonos actually provides a list of ports that it uses, and all the ports we discovered are mentioned there as well.
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These are my rules for pf, something similar should be doable with iptables:
Sonos Port 1400 Driver
Sonos Port 1400 Location
and are pf tables, which are just lists of IP addresses. This traffic is only allowed from (and to) devices that are Sonos speakers and controllers.
